Africa and the coronavirus: The Continent holds its Breath
03-04-2020
With 6 681 confirmed coronavirus cases in 50 of 54 African countries as at 2 April 2020, concerns are growing about the virus’s potential spread with various unique drivers and challenges set to fuel the contagion. With only four countries yet to confirm a COVID-19 case (Comoros, Lesotho, São Tomé and Principe, and South Sudan), South Africa is leading the pack with 1 462 cases, followed by Algeria (847), Egypt (779), Morocco (691) and Tunisia (455).
There is little doubt, however, that these numbers could climb soon and rapidly, although experts note that the delay in catching up with the rest of the world may have given Africa a reprieve period to get ready. In mid-March, World Health Organisation (WHO) response expert, Michel Yao, said that while only South Africa and Senegal initially had laboratories that could test for the virus, more than half of sub-Saharan countries were now suitably equipped. Nonetheless, overall health infrastructure remains wholly inadequate, with a recent Lancet study finding that only Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa had health systems that were prepared to handle the virus.
Most of Africa is underprepared for a COVID-19 onslaught is clear. It is also vulnerable.
The United States (US) based think-tank, the Rand Corporation’s Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, notes that of the 25 countries in the world most vulnerable to infectious outbreaks, 22 are in Africa. Factors driving risk include numerous conflict zones, poor health infrastructure, and porous borders. It adds that targeted and timely interventions in crisis management, public health, and governance (with global aid and support) can help mitigate outbreaks, as seen with Ebola in Nigeria, Senegal, and Mali during the 2014 Ebola outbreak.
Facing these limitations, many states have imposed some kind of lockdown and coronavirus management plan to try and contain the pandemic.
South Africa, regarded as the epicenter of the virus on the continent (with relatively high exposure to foreign travelers both business and tourists) instituted a total lockdown on 27 March. With the country’s 1 462 cases now way behind initial estimates that infections would hit 4 000 by 1 April, there is cautious optimism that the lockdown may have helped slow the spread of the virus to and within the country’s highly densely populated townships that present the greatest risk of an uncontrollable infection rate. On the flip side, testing has to date been largely confined to private sector institutions that largely serve the suburban middle class. This means the numbers could soon change dramatically as cases in the townships have reached double digits and could soar as the state rolls out a massive screening and testing programme. Severe limitations remain, however, with the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) currently able to manage only 5 000 tests a day.
The WHO has been quick to praise South Africa’s speedy response, and with confirmed cases climbing from 17 to 82 in two weeks, Rwanda’s reaction has been equally intense. On 2 April it extended a strict lockdown that was announced on 21 March and due to end on 19 April. As in South Africa, the Rwandan lockdown compels people in the East African nation to stay at home unless necessary for food, medical care or the provision of essential services with security forces deployed to enforce the measures.
Among South Africa’s neighbours, Botswana (now with 4 cases but then one of the few countries in Africa without a confirmed case) closed its borders on 24 March after neighbouring Zimbabwe (8 cases) recorded its first coronavirus death the day before. This comes as Botswana’s own President, Mokgweetsi Masisi, warned of an imminent lockdown after being in precautionary self-quarantine after a visit to neighbouring Namibia (13 cases) which, along with Zimbabwe, declared a national emergency on 17 March. Cross-border impacts have already manifest as thousands of Mozambicans (10 cases) returned from South Africa after it closed the main border post between the two countries, at Ressano Garcia, at 12pm on 26 March. Far less prepared is Malawi (3 cases), with about 20 ICU beds for about 18 million people, as opposition parties complain that people from affected countries continue to cross the country’s borders without being tested.
With Zambia (39 cases) proposing a lockdown of borders to non-essential cargo, further to the east, Kenya (110), like South Africa and others, have drawn bad press for the way security forces are cracking down to enforce curfews and other restrictions. Uganda (44 cases), meanwhile, closed its borders and banned international flights on 21 March before ordering a 14-day lockdown on 30 March. Tanzania (20 cases), contrarily, is taking heat for its wait and see approach, with church services and funerals carrying on as usual as government seems focused on making sure the pandemic doesn’t paralyze the country. At the other end of the scale, prosperous island nation Mauritius (161) is still on full alert after extending possibly the most severe lockdown on the continent (including all supermarkets, shops, and bakeries) from 31 March 2020 to 15 April.
In West Africa, traditional powerhouse Nigeria (174 cases) closed its airports to all incoming international flights for a month on 21 March and imposed a partial lockdown on 26 March to counter the spread among its 200 million-strong population. Ghana (204 cases) closed its borders on 22 March and on 30 March imposed a lockdown on its two biggest cities of Accra and Kumasi (a combined population of about 7 million). The Ivory Coast (190) has had its borders closed since 25 March and has declared a state of emergency and curfews, as has Senegal (195 cases). Burkina Faso (282) and Mali (28) have imposed night-time curfews, while 6 Burkinabé ministers have tested positive for COVID-19, affirming perceptions that the virus is spreading from the top down in Africa.
The worst-hit country in Central Africa, Cameroon (284), shut all borders indefinitely from 17 March, and from 18 March suspended all international flights, except for cargo planes, until 17 April. It has yet to enforce a lockdown. Exemplifying the complexities at play, while the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC – 123 cases) declared a state of emergency on 24 March, it has yet to enforce severe measures with a proposed lockdown on Kinshasa postponed on 27 March amid insecurity and price speculation on basic goods. With the Central African Republic (CAR – 8 cases) population of five million people said to have only three ventilators, the country is a striking example of how ill-prepared the continent might be.
With better infrastructure, but the highest numbers outside South Africa all in the north of the continent, Morocco instituted flight restrictions from 15 March; Algeria closed mosques, cafes and markets, land borders and suspended international flights on 16 March; Tunisia imposed a curfew from 18 March and suspended air and sea travel with Europe from 19 March; and Egypt implemented a lockdown, followed by 24 March national curfew.
All these numbers, however, are in their very early days and exactly how and how quickly the virus will spread in Africa compared to the rest of the world remains unknown. What is clear is that Africa faces its own set of challenges in containing, quantifying and recovering from the virus, with some even questioning whether the numbers are being manipulated or “covered up”. The WHO says this would be difficult in the longer term as detecting and hiding cases would require an “exceptionally managed” response and likely result in a bigger and faster-spreading outbreak. The possibility of severe under-reporting due to capacity constraints is more real and, with most of the continent already battling malnutrition, disease and a lack of healthcare facilities, the COVID-19 pandemic could be disastrous for developing countries.
Hence, Africa is racing to curb the spread of the illness as fears grow about under-reporting and the lack of medical and other infrastructure with early rainy seasons threatening concomitant peaks in malaria cases while measles continues to move through the Congo unabated. Combined with extreme limitations on water and sanitation across the continent, current countermeasures such as social distancing are far harder to apply in Africa. Population pressures mean slum-like conditions for many, and dense queues for food, water, and social security assistance are proliferate. Should the numbers grow in the coming weeks new and more Africa-specific responses will need to be considered and considerable aid will be required.
As things stand, the strength and speed of measures applied by most African governments underscore deep common concern about what will happen if the virus penetrates high-density urban areas. Socio-economic conditions will make it more difficult for South Africa and other impacted African nations to implement the shutdowns being deployed elsewhere. This, in itself, could affect containment and the fallout remains a volatile unknown in the short to medium term, with mismanagement potentially leading to human and stability costs far exceeding economic losses.
Source: https://www.erassociates.co.za/2020/04/03/africa-and-the-coronavirus-the-continent-holds-its-breath/
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- Stakeholders in the Fishing Industry Complain about Saiko Activities by Foreign Vessels
- Job Vacancy: Managing Director, Accra-Ghana
- CCIFG 2020 Training Program - February to December
- African Trade and Investment Summit
- UNIPASS Fails Takoradi Pilot
- Investcorp Market Review - 26th February 2020
- GNBCC Cocktial Hosted By SOS Children's Villages
- Education in Ireland Fair
- New Member: AB Lexmall & Associates
- Message on The State of the Nation By The President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
- GNWP Transition from Aid to Trade
- Pass Tax Exemption Bill — Speakers at Graphic Business/Stanbic Bank forum
- Community Two Shell Service Station Goes Solar
- 63rd Independence Day Celebrations
- Invitation to The 2nd Ghana-Malta Business Forum, 2 March 2020
- Ghana Business Star Growth Program 2020
- The High Potential for Solar Energy in Ghana
- Investcorp Market Review - 17th February 2020
- EU GRA Meeting
- African Trade and Investment Summit
- Orange Corners Graduation (And Presentation of the Second Cohort)
- Taxpayers in Ghana to hit 16 million by close of the year - Bawumia
- Rechter: 'Automatisch verlies Nederlanderschap in strijd met Europees recht' (In Dutch)
- MDF West Africa Training
- Customer Experience Transformation Training
- Trade Minister Signs Bad UNIPASS Deal
- Special Prosecutor Begins Probe into Airbus Bribery Scandal
- Investcorp Market Review - 14th February 2020
- February Cocktail Postponed to July
- Ghana's Economic Outlook 2020 GGEA
- Orange Corners Graduation (And Presentation of the Second Cohort)
- Ghana’s Cedi is the Best Performing Currency in the World Against the US Dollar – Bloomberg
- NEW MEMBER: Field Media & PR Ghana
- 2019 Deficit Overshoots Target, Economists Fault Poor Revenue Inflows
- Ghana Business Star Growth Program 2020
- Ghana’s Controversial Change in Trade Facilitation Processes
- Vivo Energy Ghana at Mining Indaba 2020
- Investcorp Market Review - 7th February 2020
- New Dates: The 3rd Edition of the Dutch Export Academy
- Last Year's Movie Publication on Joint September GNBCC-GSABC event
- SLNBCC Newsletter Vol. 24 - January 2020
- Global Democracy in Retreat
- Government Won’t be Lured into Operating Outside Budget - Bawumia
- Don’t Generalise Pronouncements on Corruption-President Urges Diplomatic Community
- Neoplan shutdown aborted: Government intervenes
- Ghana Plans VAT Automation To Improve Compliance, Revenue Performance
- Importers Worried over UNIPASS Takeover
- Investcorp Market Review - 31st January 2020
- GNBCC’s GM Visits Sierra Leone
- New Dates: The 3rd Edition of the Dutch Export Academy
- Job Vacancy - ICT Coordinator
- Ghana: Year In Review 2019
- Dutch NGO Agriterra Opens Ghana Office
- Flash Tax Alert-KPMG
- Ghanaian Products will Feature Strongly in the Global Market Place - Akufo Addo
- Investor Readiness Workshop Series
- International Atomic Agency Impressed with Country Progress
- Investcorp Market Review - 24th January, 2020
- GNBCC’s New Year’s Cocktail Sponsored by the Royal Netherlands Embassy
- GNBCC Board Member, Shirley Kum, Ranked in Top 10 PR Women in Ghana 2019
- Government Must set Lower TargetS for Inflation – IMF
- Job Vacancy: Sales Manager - East and West Africa
- Op papier is de Afrikaanse Vrijhandelsunie Héél Mooi
- Unprecedented Rise Of Crew Kidnappings In Gulf Of Guinea
- Investor Readiness Workshop Series
- RMG (Wienco) 2020 Calendar
- Ghana Ranked 3rd Among 10 Most Corrupt Countries by Perception
- Investcorp Market Review - 14th January, 2020
- GNBCC New Year Cocktail
- Why Are The Dutch So Unbelievably Rude?
- Ghana To Become Africa’s 3rd-Fastest Economy At 6.8% In 2020 - World Bank
- 1st Newsletter of SNBN - In Dutch
- Ghana Likely To Be Caught In Overspending Quagmire – Economist
- Dutch Government Ditches Holland To Rebrand As The Netherlands
- GNBCC Membership Invoices 2020
- Who Can Afford A Kantanka Car?
- Investcorp Market Review - 10th January, 2020
- GNBCC Office Closed for Christmas Break - 23rd December 2019
- Premium Member Business Breakfast with GIPC’s Mr Yofi Grant & PwC 's Vish Ashiagbor
- LNBCC Newsletter-October 2019
- The 3rd Edition of the Dutch Export Academy
- IMF Worried about Ghana's Debt Position
- LNBCC Newsletter-December 2019
- Third Quarter GDP Growth Drops to 5.6 Percent
- SLNBCC Wishes A Merry X-Mas
- Cedi Records Biggest Fall in 4 years
- Vivo Energy CSR and Shell Club Win Top Industry Awards
- Last Cocktail of the year @ Wienco / RMG
- SLNBCC Newsletter Vol. 22- November 2019
- 6th West Africa Agro Food Fair held in Accra
- The 3rd Edition of the Dutch Export Academy
- New Companies Act will Improve Business Climate – Chief Justice
- World Bank Launches a New Report on Productivity and Economic Diversification
- New Players to Even out Africa’s Investment Battlefield in 2020
- NBC 2020 - Companies Can Now Register to Participate in the 2020 edition!
- "It's sad" Corruption Fighting back at Domelevo, Amidu – Danish Amb.
- Investcorp Market Review - 13th December, 2019
- GNBCC Cocktail Hosted By Wienco Ghana Limited
- Agro Food West Africa Fair (6th Edition)
- The 3rd Edition of the Dutch Export Academy
- Textile Industry Workers Commend GSA over Crackdown on Fake Textiles
- Breakdown Of Issues Relating to The Unstuffing of Containers at Terminal 3 in The Port Of Tema
- Police Still Top Corruption List - Study
- Dutchmen outside The Netherlands will get influence on the Dutch Senate (article in Dutch)
- ‘Name and Shame Bribe-Givers too’—PPA Board chair …as Procurement Experts call for Legislation
- Invitation to Accra Arts Week
- Investcorp Market Review - 5th December, 2019
- GNBCC Office Closed for Strategic Team Meeting - 5th December 2019
- GNBCC Cocktail Hosted By Wienco Ghana Limited
- Agro Food West Africa Fair (6th Edition)
- Cargill Invests $16.4m In Cocoa Sector
- New Dutch Africa Strategy
- CIFG Transport & Logistics Conference
- ‘GWCL Revenue Dipped Due To Softtribe’s Billing System Problems’
- Information on Visa Application from the Royal Netherlands Embassy - Consular Affairs
- Trotro Driver Wins First Car in Shell 'Get More Promo'
- Kotoka International Airport Ranked Best Airport In West Africa
- Investcorp Market Review - 29th November, 2019
- GNBCC and Orange Corners Ghana organized workshop ‘Essentials of Marketing for Entrepreneurs’
- 4.7% Budget Deficit Will Be Difficult To Achieve - Prof. Quartey
- PwC Post-Budget Forum 2020
- Is Gov’t 6.8% Growth Target Realistic?
- KPMG 2020 Budget Forum
- Telcos Request For Audit Report On Alleged Tax Under-Declaration
- CCI France Ghana Presents Transport & Logistics Conference
- Forget Skytrain, Revamp Western Rail Line – Railway Workers
- GNBCC Cocktail Hosted by Agrona & Comexas in Tema and Dutch Entrepreneur Day Award Ceremony
- PharmAccess Country Director Appointed Member of WHO Roster of Experts on Digital Health
- Budget 2020! When Promises Clash With Fiscal Discipline …Amid Significant Revenue Shortfall
- Discovering Italian Street Food Fair
- Gov’t Targets More Fdis …GIPC To Be Strengthened To Lead
- Dit Is Het Nieuwe Logo Van Nederland
- PDS: Government shouldn’t rush into a new concession agreement
- Ghana Signs $2.3bn Concession For Skytrain Project, First Station To Open In Nine Months
- Red Sea Housing Services
- Regulatory Reform Programme Will Improve Ghana’s Business Atmosphere - Akufo-Addo
- People’s Pension Trust picks up Pension Innovation Award
- GNBCC Member Announcement
- We Expect No New Taxes In 2020 Budget – Finance Committee
- Laat onze één miljoen ambassadeurs zelf nationaliteit kiezen
- Holland And Ghana, Hiking And Growing Together
- Frequent Changes To Tax Laws Worrying – Economist
- GNBCC Cocktail Hosted Yesterday by Vivo Energy Ghana
- Paying Taxes Complicated And Costly In Ghana – Doing Business Report …As Economy Slips To 118 In Ranking
- Pictures of the Joint GNBCC/GSABC Cocktail
- Philips Ghana
- Milking The State …Airport Immigration Officers ‘Pocket’ Visa On Arrival Cash
- Announcement for GNBCC Members
- Our Accra Offices Have Been Reopened - Pasico Ghana Limited Press Release
- Allianz Ghana: The Number One Insurance Brand in the World
- IMF Urges Govt To ‘Tighten’ 2020 Budget To Help Contain Debt Build-Up
- KPMG 2020 Pre-Budget Survey Report
- West African Clean Energy & Environment Trade Fair & Conference 2019
- ECG Officially Takes Over From PDS
- The Ghana Business Star Growth Program 2019
- Accra Mall To Shut Down For Hours
- Ghana Design Network Presents: Women In Design- Friday, 25th October 2019
- Hapag-Lloyd Declares Tema Port As Transshipment Hub In West Africa
- B&P Associates Mark 5th Anniversary
- 40% of Every Cedi Collected Goes to Settle Interest Payments – IMF
- Getting Your Business Investor Ready: Identifying Sources of Financing
- We Can’t Ban Textile Imports – Deputy Minister
- GNBCC Cocktail Hosted by Vivo Energy Ghana
- SLNBCC Newsletter Vol. 21- September 2019
- More Sand Than Oil: Sub-Saharan Africa Stands to Gain More From Reducing Corruption Than Any Other Region
- New Member: Maiden Environmental Services
- Maxmart: Your Destination for Quality
- Finance Ministry Insists Telcos Must Backdate CST Implementation
- Vivo Energy Leads Road Safety Education in Basic schools
- Job Search: Agribusiness Background
- Discussion on Double Nationality / Brexit (in Dutch)
- For Every GH¢1 Tax Collected, 84 Pesewas Pay Debt – Prof. Kusi …Tax System Needs Restructure
- Investcorp Market Review - 11th October 2019
- KLM Airlines To Mark Its 100th Aviation Anniversary With A Celebration In Accra
- Electricity And Water Tariffs Go Up
- West African Rescue Association (WARA): The Next Life We Save Could Be Yours.
- Ghana-Netherlands Irrigation Seminar - 10th October 2019
- Cedi Records A Year-To-Date Depreciation Of 9.33% To The US Dollar
- Getting Your Business Investor Ready: Identifying Sources of Financing
- Gov’t Must Break Barriers To ‘Ease Of Doing Business’ In Ghana
- Investcorp Market Review - 4th October 2019
- Education in Ireland Education Fair - Accra
- Reduction In Benchmark Values Fails To Lift Imports - Report
- New GNBCC Members: Cocoanect Ghana & Beaver Clinic Ltd
- Tax Hikes, Inflation Headwinds, Stay Policy Rate & Persistent Gov’t Revenue Shortfall Worrying - Study
- Vivo Energy Ghana Supports ‘My First Day at School’ Programme
- New Development On Double Nationality Due To Brexit (In Dutch)
- Government’s Shut Down Of Akwatia Mine Is Illegal — Jospong Fights Back
- Record Turnout at Last Nights Joint GNBCC/GSABC Cocktail
- Review Minimum Investment Capital Requirement - World Economic Study Urges Gov’t
- Economic Growth Slows For 3rd Straight Time
- GRA To Clamp Down On Tax Defaulters
- Introduction PAIX Data Centres